Acid reflux

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.
Common symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough.
Factors contributing to acid reflux include lifestyle habits (such as diet, obesity, and smoking), certain medications, and anatomical abnormalities like hiatal hernia.
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, symptom assessment, physical examination, and sometimes diagnostic tests like endoscopy, pH monitoring and barium xrays.
Management strategies include lifestyle modifications (such as avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and maintaining a healthy weight), over-the-counter medications (like antacids or H2 blockers), and prescription medications (like proton pump inhibitors).
In severe cases or when complications arise (such as esophageal ulcers, strictures, or Barrett’s esophagus), surgical interventions like fundoplication may be considered.
Untreated or poorly managed acid reflux can lead to complications such as esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal strictures, and an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor symptoms, adjust treatment as needed, and prevent complications associated with acid reflux.